Python’s strength comes from its vast ecosystem. This page maps the most important libraries and points to dedicated tutorials in this curriculum.

Data Science Stack

Library Purpose Tutorial
NumPy Numerical arrays, linear algebra NumPy Guide
Pandas DataFrames, data wrangling Pandas Guide
Matplotlib Plotting and charts Data Visualization
Seaborn Statistical visualization Data Visualization
Scikit-learn Machine learning Scikit-learn 
  pip install numpy pandas matplotlib seaborn scikit-learn

Web Development

Framework Style Tutorial
Django Full-stack, batteries-included Django Track
Flask Micro-framework, flexible Flask Track
FastAPI Async APIs, auto docs FastAPI Track

HTTP & APIs 

  pip install requests httpx
  
  import requests

response = requests.get(
    "https://api.github.com/users/python",
    timeout=10,
)
response.raise_for_status()
data = response.json()
print(data["public_repos"])

For async apps, use httpx. See Network Programming.

Database Libraries

Library Use Case Tutorial
sqlite3 Built-in, embedded SQL Databases
SQLAlchemy ORM for any SQL database Databases
psycopg2 PostgreSQL driver Databases
redis-py Redis key-value store Databases

Testing & Quality

Tool Purpose Tutorial
pytest Testing framework Testing
black Code formatter Testing
flake8 Linter Testing
mypy Static type checker Type Hints

CLI & Automation

Tool Purpose Tutorial
argparse CLI argument parsing (stdlib) CLI Apps
Click Elegant CLI framework CLI Apps
requests HTTP automation Network Programming

AI & Deep Learning

Framework Best For Tutorial
Scikit-learn Classical ML Fundamentals
TensorFlow/Keras Production ML TensorFlow
PyTorch Research, NLP, CV PyTorch
Hugging Face Transformers Pre-trained NLP models Hugging Face

Cloud & Serverless

Platform SDK Tutorial
AWS boto3 AWS Lambda
Google Cloud google-cloud-* Cloud Functions
Azure azure-* Azure Functions

Choosing the Right Tool 

  Need to analyze CSV data?     → Pandas + Matplotlib
Need a REST API?              → FastAPI or Flask
Need a full web app + admin?  → Django
Need to train a neural net?   → PyTorch or TensorFlow
Need to run code on events?   → AWS Lambda / Cloud Functions
Need to publish a package?    → See Packaging guide

Keeping Up

  • PyPI — package index
  • Python Package Index Trending — popular packages
  • Check package docs for version-specific APIs
  • Pin versions in requirements.txt for reproducibility

Explore the linked tutorials for hands-on coverage of each area.